condition
Genitourinary syndrome of menopause
what is Genitourinary syndrome of menopause
GSM refers to the range of symptoms affecting the genital and urinary systems in postmenopausal women due to low estrogen levels.
Causes
Lifestyle Factors Contributing
Symptoms
Causes
- Estrogen deficiency as part of menopause
- Age-related changes in pelvic tissue and function
Lifestyle Factors Contributing
- Poor diet (high sugar, low nutrient intake)
- Sedentary lifestyle (lack of physical activity)
- Chronic stress and sleep deprivation
- Excessive alcohol consumption
Symptoms
- Vaginal dryness and irritation
- Pain during intercourse (dyspareunia)
- Frequent urinary tract infections
- Urinary urgency and incontinence
- Vaginal or vulvar itching
treatment
Treatment options include local estrogen therapy, which can be administered through creams, tablets, or rings to help restore vaginal tissue health and alleviate discomfort. Non-hormonal lubricants and moisturizers can provide immediate relief from vaginal dryness and irritation. Pelvic floor exercises, such as Kegels, can strengthen muscles and improve urinary incontinence symptoms.